Common Gemstone Categories

Gemstones come in a variety of categories, and understanding them is an essential start to increasing your consumer knowledge about stones. Because stones are so unique depending on how they’re formed, their chemical composition and their basic structure, they’re divided into broad categories. In this article, we’ll cover each one with a brief, but informative, overview.

Beryl: Beryl stones were historically used by warriors to protect them against foes in battle. These beautiful and clear gemstones are known for their brilliance and clarity (except in the emerald variety). The beryl is similar to chrysoberyl and quartz, but is an essentially transparent stone imbued with distinctive hues and tones.

Chrysoberyl: The chrysoberyl family of gemstones is interesting because its three variants (alexandrite, chrysoberyl and cat’s eye) are all chemically alike but have distinctly different optical characteristics and actually look nothing alike. Chrysoberyl stones typically come from Russia and Sri Lanka, though cat’s eye can also be found in China and Brazil.

Corundum: Corundum gemstones are typically composed of aluminum oxide and other trace minerals. As the second hardest category of gemstone, corundum stones are known for their versatility and durability. Rubies and sapphires, two of the world’s most popular gemstones, are both corundum.

Diamonds: Because of their unique characteristics, diamonds are their own category of gemstone. They are known as the hardest naturally occurring substance and are prized for their brilliance, translucency, and fiery color. At a base level, diamonds are created from carbon crystals that have been fused together under intense heat and pressure.

Feldspar: With a base material that’s tectonic, feldspar is remarkably unique. Typically found in areas with a high occurrence of earthquakes, feldspar is created by the heat and pressure present in these regions.

Jade: Though similar to beryl, jade is a unique category of gemstone known for its soft pliability and silky texture. Jade stones are typically composed of magnesium and calcium elements.

Organic Gemstones: Organic types of gemstones include amber and pearls. These are gems created not from mineral sources, but rather natural ones. For example, amber comes from the sap of trees while pearls are created from oysters in the sea. Organic gemstones are typically replicated using high-quality plastic rather than synthesized crystals.

Quartz: As the most common type of mineral in the world, quartz is typically used for scientific purposes, as a base gem or in costume jewelry. However, there are valuable quartz stones, including citrines, amethysts, onyx and carnelians. Colored quartz or flawless quartz can often command a high price on the jewelry market.